introduction
Assessment of the current state of the topic under consideration: the topic of urban space transformation from the point of view of the environmental component in Moscow is reflected in a small number of scientific papers.
The relevance of this work lies in the fact that modern cities, including Moscow, constantly face serious environmental problems that affect both the state of the natural environment of the city and the health of citizens. The rapid growth of the city's population, increased traffic flow, urbanization and other factors have a negative impact on the environment, which requires the introduction of measures to improve the environmental situation in the capital of the Russian Federation – the city of Moscow.
Scientific novelty: due to the rapid development of technologies and the emergence of new research methods, scientific work in the field of ecology on the transformation of the urban environment in the city of Moscow can give impetus to the emergence of new ideas and solutions to improve the environmental situation in the city of Moscow. New methods of environmental monitoring, innovative approaches to sustainable urban development and evaluation of the effectiveness of environmental programs can make a significant contribution to the development of knowledge in environmental science.
Objective: to come up with and scientifically substantiate a strategy and action plan to improve the environmental situation in Moscow until 2100.
Tasks:
1. To study the current experience in the greening of urban spaces on the territory of the Russian Federation, in particular in the city of Moscow;
2. Consider the experience of advanced countries implementing their activities in the field of sustainable urban development;
3. Review statistical data on the subject under study;
4. Develop proposals and recommendations to improve the environmental situation in Moscow, including specific measures and programs;
5. Assess the potential impacts and benefits of the proposed measures and programs.
Let's turn to the consideration of ideas for the transformation of the city of Moscow by 2100 from the point of view of the environmental component. 
GREEN AIRPORTS
According to the Federal Air Transport Agency, a total of 10296952 passengers passed through the country's three largest airports – Sheremetyevo, Domodedovo and Vnukovo – from January to February 2022 [2]. The average time that passengers spend at the airport before boarding ranges from 2.5 to 5 hours. In the case of connecting flights, this time may increase significantly. The minimum transfer time at airports is from 1 to 4 hours. It is also common for flights to be delayed for a long time due to extreme weather conditions or other emergencies.
In these cases, people are forced to "while away" their time at airports. Thus, according to statistics, 26% of passengers visit cafes, restaurants and snack bars before the flight; 24% of respondents spend time in the mother and child room; 21% of people associate their pastime with the use of special racks for charging phones; 13% of travelers visit religious rooms and only 9% of tourists relax in VIP lounges of airports [4]. 
In connection with the above points, the need to equip special places at the airports of the capital of Russia increases significantly. In particular, in the future, active landscaping of Domodedovo, Vnukovo and Sheremetyevo airports can be considered, which, in addition to creating recreation areas, can contribute to reducing air transport emissions.
The principles used for the creation of green zones can be proposed:
• Landscaping by creating theme parks
 

For example, the airport territory can be divided into parts dedicated to different climatic and natural zones: a tropical zone with a humid climate and palm trees; a desert zone with many cacti and succulents; a subarctic zone immersing travelers in the natural landscapes of the Kamchatka Territory, etc.
In addition to an exciting pastime, these places can serve as intermediate points for adapting to climate changes that occur during flights to other cities and countries. 
• Landscaping of the territories adjacent to airports by planting plants characteristic of the changeable climatic conditions of Moscow, creating favorable park areas both in summer and in winter.
• Creation of open park areas in the flight waiting area, where passengers with children can play on playgrounds, get some fresh air and cheer up. In winter, active recreation areas with children can be equipped in these places (for example, for riding cheesecakes from snow slides or ice skating). Snowman modeling and snowball fights can also be held regularly. 
• The use of vertical landscaping, involving the installation of green walls or vertical gardens inside airport terminals.
In addition to using various principles of airport landscaping, due attention should be paid to the use of intelligent data management systems for plant systems. It is important to ensure the implementation of hydroponics systems for growing vegetation directly inside airport terminals, as well as sensors and special algorithms for automatic watering, the inclusion of special lighting and plant care, which will certainly help save resources and ensure the optimal condition of green areas without significant effort.
MULTI-LEVEL GARDENS IN THE CITY
It's no secret that the creation of green zones is associated with a shortage of space in cities for their equipment, as well as a higher economic prospect of using "empty" territories for the construction of residential neighborhoods and shopping centers. In this regard, it may be proposed to create multi-level gardens in small unclaimed territories of the city of Moscow. 
 The design of such multi-level gardens involves the creation of landscaped tiers and the introduction of recreation areas for citizens in them. 
For example, the lower level can be allocated for the creation of a reservoir, which in winter turns into a place for skating and playing hockey. It is possible to protect the reservoir area from the effects of urban life factors (traffic noise, dust, etc.) by planting willow trees with a lush crown, dense foliage and hanging branches. Willow trees in the summer will also help to create good shading for vacationers by the reservoir. 
 

The middle floor may be dedicated to a zone of plants atypical for the Moscow territory, as which various types of orchids, cacti, palms, etc. can be used. The middle floor should become a kind of greenhouse, attracting citizens. The upper floor can be equipped as a kind of observation deck, but we must not forget about landscaping, because this is the main purpose of creating a multi-level garden. Since the upper floor will be influenced throughout the year by unstable climatic conditions characteristic of the territory of Moscow, it is important to pay attention to the species being planted. One of the best options is to create a so–called "green carpet" on the upper level of a multi-level garden - lawn covering equipment. This place can become a place of attraction for citizens in the summer to meet with friends and family for a picnic, and in winter – a place for skiing and other outdoor activities. 
In addition to landscaping, it is important to create favorable conditions for active social interaction, as well as for people with disabilities, in the created multi-level garden.
HEATED ROAD SURFACE
Every year, the capital faces such a problem as clearing snow from public roads in the winter season. According to the average annual statistics "Climate-Energy.ru " snow cover is present in Moscow for 5 months, from November to the end of March, do not forget about ice and sub-zero temperatures. As a result, the government spends a lot of effort and allocates significant funding to clear snow from roads: they attract equipment, employees, and use reagents. Thoughtless watering with reagents in most cases not only does not solve the problem, but also spoils the ecological situation of the city. Deicing reagents (NaCl, CaCl2) in large quantities and in reaction with other components leave their "mark" on the soil, shoes, animal and human health. Let's take a closer look at the example of the soil: the ingress of sodium chloride and calcium chloride into the soil leads to their anthropogenic salinization and subsequent salinization. This fact, in turn, leads to an increase in density, as well as a reduction in the species diversity of soil microflora and microbial communities [3].

Based on the mentioned situation, it is necessary to reconsider the methods of solving the problem of road conditions in the winter period of the year in Moscow. A person cannot influence climate change, but it is possible to adapt to winter conditions. The following may be suggested: laying heated pipes under the roadbed. Today, in different parts of the world, this method is actively used to heat various elements of urban infrastructure, such as public transport stops, benches, sidewalks and footpaths. In Japan, Finland, Iceland and Norway, where temperatures drop below zero in winter and a lot of snow falls, heating systems are used under the road surface.
The technology of asphalt heating is similar to the method of "underfloor heating" in the construction of a house, where a grid with heating elements is installed under the surface. The system includes constant-power heating cables placed on a surface that requires heating, and then covered with a layer of cement-sand or concrete screed. A finishing coating such as tiles, asphalt and so on is installed on this screed. It is necessary to connect sensors to this system, which will be synchronized with the Meteorological Services of the city. In case of precipitation, a special layer of the road will automatically heat up to a certain temperature using sensors. What will the city get if this system is implemented? 
Dignities:
• Effective removal of snow and ice from road surfaces;
• Cost savings on street maintenance: reduced fuel costs for machinery, salaries for employees and reagents;
• Street sections remain clean, free of harmful chemicals, thereby protecting the soil (and as a result, the life of soil microorganisms), the surface of cars and shoes;
• Reduction of accidents and injuries on icy sidewalks and pedestrian crossings;
• Increase the durability of the road surface, reduce damage from heavy machinery and mechanical impact.
However, at first glance it seems that the implementation of this project is economically expensive. But a heated road will last much longer than an ordinary road, which freezes for a long time. You will not have to allocate financing for equipment, salaries for workers, etc. In turn, there will be no need to rearrange the tiles every year. If we summarize these points, it is clearly visible that the project "Heating the road" will fully justify itself on the financial side and eliminate some of Moscow's communal problems. 
GREENING THE SUBWAY
According to official data from Yandex. Real estate" in 2019 among the respondents: 38% of citizens commute to work from 30 minutes to 1 hour, 27% – an hour and a half, 23% - less than 30 minutes, and 12% even more than an hour and a half [1]. Multiplying the presented time by two, you can understand how much time a person spends moving by underground transport per day. Consequently, the average resident of the capital spends about two hours on the road a day. General fatigue, travel during peak load, the sound coming from old train cars – all this negatively affects human health during movement.
    As we know from psychotherapy: the green color has a beneficial effect on the psyche. The use of shades of green in design can effectively reduce stress, promote relaxation and have a positive effect on the health of the retina. A proposal to improve the subway from an aesthetic and ecological point of view may be the creation of canvases /gardens /partitions of greenery between platforms in the Moscow metro. This innovation will have a positive impact on the mental and physical health of passengers. 
    A plant underground is a rather complicated idea, attention should be paid to irrigation and lighting systems. The best candidates are plants for growing in the subway - succulents and cacti, shade–loving plants (for example, anemone), "aerial plants" (for example, many species of ferns). When choosing plants, it is important to take into account the conditions: light level, temperature and humidity.  In addition, systems such as autonomous irrigation and hydroponics will help in the implementation of the Metro Greening project. Do not forget about photosynthesis and air purification with the help of green spaces. 
    Our idea will help to improve the underground atmosphere, improve air quality and create an even more favorable space in the subway due to green oases.
 

conclusion
The scientific study, which focuses on analyzing the environmental aspects of the transformation of the urban environment in Moscow, represents a fundamental effort in an effort to make the Russian capital more sustainable, environmentally friendly and satisfying the needs of its population. Moscow, as a megalopolis, is facing a number of serious environmental challenges caused by population growth, urbanization and increased mobility of citizens. These challenges require fundamental changes in the planning and management of the urban environment.
A scientific study conducted with the aim of proposing a strategy for the implementation of environmental principles for the transformation of the urban environment in Moscow allows us to draw the following brief conclusions:
1. Green airports
The creation and development of "green airports" is a promising area for improving the environmental situation in Moscow. The integration of green areas, innovative technologies for their care and maintenance in airport complexes contribute to reducing the negative impact of aviation on the environment, as well as the creation of many new places for passengers to relax at airports.
2. Multi-level gardens in the city
The introduction of multi-level gardens and green oases in the urban environment of Moscow can significantly improve the quality of life of citizens. These unique green spaces will not only contribute to the filtration of atmospheric air, but also create unique places for recreation and recreation of citizens, contributing to their psycho-emotional well-being.
3. Heated road surface
The introduction of heated pavement technologies in winter can reduce the risks of icing, which will improve road safety on Moscow's transport routes. In addition, heating roads can reduce the use of salt and other chemicals, which will have a positive impact on the environment in the city.
4. Greening of the subway
The greening process of the Moscow metro will have a positive impact on the urban environment. Green walls and metro stations help to increase the area of green areas and absorb carbon dioxide. In addition, this method will contribute to improving air quality and increasing aesthetically pleasing places in the daily life of Muscovites.
In general, scientific research shows that innovative approaches to the sustainable development of the urban environment, such as green airports, multi-level gardens, heated pavement and landscaping of the subway, can actively contribute to improving the environmental situation in Moscow. These measures will not only contribute to reducing the negative impact on the environment, but will also become an important stage in improving the quality of life of citizens, making Moscow a more sustainable and green metropolis.

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