Introduction
Antibiotic resistance is a global health problem that poses serious risks to public and human health. This article will discuss its current and future manifestations and possible solutions to this imminent threat. Antibiotic resistance is a huge global problem, and it will only get worse in the coming years. The increase in the use of antibiotics has led to antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics are used to treat infections in animals and humans. When these animals are raised in an environment with antibiotics, they become resistant to these antibiotics. People can acquire antibiotic resistance when they come into contact with antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. When people become resistant to antibiotics, they can spread to other microorganisms and animals. This causes irreversible damage to the immune system, making people more susceptible to future infections. It also reduces the effectiveness of existing antibiotics, making them less useful in the future. In 2001, researchers determined that the rampant use of antibiotics caused the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. And by 2006, antibiotic resistance had become an issue of "serious concern" to the World Health Organization. In the same year, they released a report discussing how antibiotics are becoming less effective and how this poses a serious threat to human health. In this report, they suggested that antibiotic resistance is becoming an epidemic and that it needs to be addressed through a global targeted strategy. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 2 million people die annually from infections caused by antibiotics. And by 2050, antibiotic resistance is projected to cause more deaths than cancer. It is also predicted to cause more economic problems than any other global problem. Antibiotic resistance is a serious global problem, and it needs to be addressed through a global targeted strategy.
The main part
Some people believe that antibiotic resistance is not a problem because we can create new antibiotics with the help of biotechnology. Some scientists are looking for ways to create alternative antibiotics in the laboratory. They are trying to create new antibiotics using recombinant DNA technology. Once created, these new antibiotics can replace the antibiotics that cause resistance. It is possible that by 2100 we will face new modified infections compared to superinfections, which will be a complication of improper antibiotic intake. New modified infections can trigger the emergence of more dangerous forms of diseases or the progression of the species classification of existing forms. Humanity may be affected by a second large-scale pandemic, where only different strains of the same virus will not be the main figure. It should also be borne in mind that to date there are data on the death of patients after taking antibiotics. All this is a prerequisite for the deterioration of the situation due to the irrational use of antibiotics and speaks of upcoming changes at the global level. According to a 1957 study by the World Health Organization, there is 1 fatal reaction per 70,000 patients treated with penicillins. According to the Danish Ministry of Health, there is 1 death per 10,000,000 injections. B.A. Grzhimolovsky cites literature data on 70 deaths associated with the introduction of antibiotics. Richet, Ducrot and Delsant indicate that a fatal outcome can occur with anaphylactic shock. The causes preceding the shock are dry mouth and difficulty breathing [1]. Azithromycin belongs to macrolides, which has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action. According to previously published data, the use of this antibiotic does not lead to toxic effects on the heart. It is known that the use of drugs similar to azithromycin, such as erythromycin and clarithromycin, can cause severe ventricular arrhythmias. Considering that ventricular arrhythmias associated with taking azithromycin often lead to a rapid development of death, a retrospective cohort-statistical study was conducted to assess mortality with the use of this antibiotic. Within 5 days of taking azithromycin, 29 patients died from complications of cardiovascular diseases [2]. Antibiotic resistance and the causes of death from them, according to current forecasts, have established that, according to statistics, it is in third place after coronary heart disease and strokes.
Conclusion
In order to avoid a catastrophic situation in the future, we need to start fighting now. The main methods of avoiding such a future are: 1. Taking antimicrobial drugs only as prescribed by a doctor and when there is a real need for them; 2. Adhere to the treatment regimen prescribed by a specialist, as well as be careful of the patients themselves and try not to abuse antibiotics in order to avoid the appearance of superinfection; 3. In case of incompetence of a doctor who distributes antimicrobial drugs like candy, turn to another to the attending physician. And for the doctors themselves, it is necessary to hold conferences where every doctor can be acquainted with the world standards for the appointment of antimicrobial agents. Healthcare professionals need to know how they can effectively treat patients while minimizing the potential side effects and risks associated with modern antibiotics and treatments. They should also encourage patients to take natural alternatives whenever possible, such as eating garlic or taking probiotics, as they generally do not pose any additional health risks; 4. Observe the rules of hygiene of elementary hand washing, but do not overdo it, since the disturbed microflora of hands can become a favorable zone for the reproduction and colonization of pathogenic microorganisms, due to increased dryness of hands and the appearance of micro and macro cracks; 5. Limit the use of antibiotics on farms, it is expected that if inactive by 2050 bacterial infections will be to take up to 10 million lives, and losses will exceed $ 100 trillion per year; 6. Do not use antibiotics in the treatment of viral infections. The situation with microbial antibiotic resistance is complicated against the background of viral pandemics. Thus, of the 284.5 thousand lives lost during the H1N1 swine flu epidemic in 2009, from 29 to 55% of deaths were the result of secondary bacterial pneumonia. Viruses, of course, weaken the body, but the cause of death of patients with viral diseases is most often difficult to treat, joined nosocomial bacterial infections [3]; 7. Antibiotics have been linked to many health problems, from minor infections to life-threatening conditions such as bloodstream infections and pneumonia caused by polyresistant bacteria. Otitis media, pneumonia, bronchitis may be viral and do not require antibacterial treatment. What to do with the antibiotic already started: the answer is unequivocal – to cancel. Many studies also show an increase in the incidence of cancer among people taking antibiotics for a long time — a link that is being studied by various medical institutions and government agencies around the world. Concern about these side effects has led many countries, such as Australia, Canada and the UK, to ban the routine use of certain antibiotics in animal husbandry. It is also expected to reduce the risks associated with overuse of antibiotics in humans.
List of sources used
1. Goldstein S.B. // Forensic medical examination. — M., 1963 — No. 2. — pp. 21-24.
2. The relationship between taking azithromycin and the risk of death from complications of cardiovascular diseases: the results of a retrospective observational study. Evidence-based cardiology (electronic version). 2012;(2):34‑39. Evidence-based Cardiology. 2012;(2):34‑39. (In Russ.).
3. https://www.agroinvestor.ru/markets/article/37843-tsvety-na-srez-kakie-faktory-sderzhivayut-razvitie-tsvetochnogo-biznesa/