INTRODUCTION

Earth is over populating day by day , so to save and expand our civilization we need to start living in space. So by means of surviving in space we could also live on planets but why only space colonies because, we can't lead a Naturally happy and healthy life in such planet's gravity, Atmosphere, and environment eventhough we settled on planets , life over there would be much artificial and even earth like exo-planets also exist but we can't reach and survive on those planets using current technology. So the "space colonies " are the best choice to lead a healthy and modern life. And this project is exclusively written by ARUNTEJA JARUPULA.

ANY       CIVILIZATION       THAT DONT DEVELOP SPACE TRAVEL DIES. - Carl sagan

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT :-

 I would learn about different aspects in the process of creating the project. And It's a great opportunities to combine & represent my interest’s .

And thanks to mom for motivating me. And a thanks to my friend sushanth

DERIVATION OF STHULA :-

STHULA is a telugu and a Sanskrit word, which believed to used since vedic (ancient) period in India. STHULA (Telugu word) means macro (or) "macrocosm" in english and a macrocosm is a social body made up of smaller compounds " [exactly as how the universe is] .STHULA (Sanskrit word) which means agregation, which is also a synonym of macrocosm .The space colony is named as STHULA because there is a scientific reason that the universe is the Macrocosm and everything that exists in the universe are Microcosm's, so the space colony is also a Microcosm'ic part of the universe , but living beings who are living in the space colony are Microcosm'ic with respect to space colony , so the space colony is macrocosm'ic with respect to humans and exactly how the atoms are Microcosm'ic with respect to humans. Everything in the universe are interrelated in many ways and also one of them was Micro and Macro "cosm's". So I decided to name my space colony in my country's slang, thus I named STHULA.. And another reason includes the structure of space colony that the circles inside the torus are Microcosm'ic with respect to the macrocosm'ic torus surrounded by it. So the name "STHULA" satisfies me in every aspect according to the space colony. And space colonies structure itself defines it as STHULA by the internal circles are Microcosm'ic with respect to the surrounded Macrocosm'ic torus.

WHY ONLY STHULA :-

I can choose many names but why only STHULA because it is applicable to everywhere and anywhere in the universe and also the name itself remembers me my country's ancient literature. And the name “STHULA” only defines & satisfies the structure of space colony.

WHY CONSTRUCTING STHULA:-

IS    THE    CONSTRUCTION    OF    ORBITAL SPACE SETTLEMENTS LIKE STHULA ARE NECESSARY ?

1. First of all year 2020 taught us that anything can happen . Millions died due to the corona virus and everyone’s life is in risky. And we are polluting our nature a lot to live a modern life. And population is growing & resources are being lesser everyday. And we would also be extinct as happened to dinosaur's, just after hit by a big asteroid.

To continue human life in the universe we need to spread our civilization . So, to expand our civilization we need to construct space settlements, which could fullfill all the human needs in space itself. As I mentioned before planetary settlements will not be a good option. As per the research done in 1900's Orbital space settlements are the only best choice for the developing industrial revolution . Some benefits are

1. Tourism
2. For the developing future for human civilization
3. For the good sake of earth , pollution decreases, and we could live a modern life without polluting the Nature.

THEME OF SPACE COLONY :-

Main theme of space colony is to mimic earth. People in space colony could experience the same comfort and environment as it is on earth. Human's could lead a modern life without polluting nature. And life in space would be much easier.

I.  BUILDING              THE SPACE COLONY

1. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

The whole construction process is divided into 3 phases..

Phase 1 :- 1 phase of construction is to construct a primary structure for the space colony and the 1 phase construction will be done in equatorial low Earth orbit. In equatorial low Earth orbit it would be easy to transport workers and supply materials from earth. Primarily all the materials will be gathered to build a skeleton(To give a shape) for space colony. The materials will be transferred by space shuttle’s to LEO.

Phase 2 :- phase 2 will mainly concentrating on acquiring the lunar resources. After making a skeleton to the colony it will moved to lunar orbit for the convenience of getting lunar materials , so the construction will be made easy. The workers will staying some days in lunar base and then returning to earth. Rather than being in LEO/GEO or at 5th lagrange point the primarily constructed space colony is shifted to lunar orbit because today's launch costs for rockets are very high and even though we use skyhooks it would take many launches and there would be some difficulties in the process of processing lunar materials, because of the distance . Constructing lunar base would costs higher so to avoid that only a small scaled lunar base will be built.

Phase 3 :- The only work left over in the Space colony is to assemble the parts which were made from lunar resources and also on earth, then the parts are shifted to lunar orbit to complete the structure of space colony .

So, there is also an another option that the construction of space colony can be done in L5 itself but In order we also need to face some difficulties as transportation of crew and materials.

2. RESOURCES:-
   1. Mining on other planets :-

We only choose moon for mining purpose because using current technology we can't travel very efficiently and can't make a base on other planets in solar system or other than that. Moon is also not a bad choice it is rich in minerals.

1. 2. LUNAR RESOURCES

There are many benefits from Lunar base.But maintaining the lunar base would cost much. Constructing lunar base would costs higher so to avoid that only a small scaled lunar base will be built used only for accessing and processing Lunar resources . By mining  and accessing the materials of moon would help us to construct the space colony more easily . The main reason that the lunar base is established is to mine and process the resources to the space colony which is in construction era in lunar orbit.

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1. 3. ASTEROID MINING

Asteroid mining will be optional because by using current technology we can't go to asteroid belt and do mine on one of the asteroids and even it would take years to go and mine an asteroid ,so asteroid mining will be optional . But if any asteroid is at some accessible distance then by knowing their composition, mining may be done.

3. SUMMARY OF DESIGN CRITERIA

Why only the shape of “STHULA” ?. There are many different shapes and models for space settlement’s but I decided only this because we “ most research shows that Torus would be the best option for a space settlement. So comparing to all other shapes torus would be the most efficient option . Best access to sunlight and a better livable area and could be built modular. And for the betterment of the structure the circles will be construed inside the torus , to save much area and the space settlement will not be looked as a giant donut.

4. LOCATION

• LOW EARTH ORBIT

Low earth orbit is an earth centered orbit which is located at 200 - 2000 km(124 - 1240 miles) above earth. Satellites orbit at a speed of 7.8 km per second, a satellite in low earth orbit takes approximately 90 minutes to circle earth. Most of the satellites are located in low Earth orbit itself.

Advantages are :-

1. only few hours for travelling
2. Communications can be made easy and most of the earth's observation and remote sensing is done from LOW EARTH ORBIT.
3. Most of the radiation is protected by earth's magnetic field.

DISADVANTAGES ARE :-

2. inefficiency of sun's energy as there as many sunsets and sunrise's 
3. Short days may effect on people's mental condition .

4. More energy is needed to be in LOW EARTH ORBIT.
5. Contains much space debris, it may be dangerous..
6. A lot of energy is needed for space settlement to be in orbit.
7. A lot of energy is consumed to reach orbit.
8. Distance to the moon and asteroids will be a major problem . Then there may scarcity of resources on space colony.

• GEO SYNCHRONOUS/STATIONARY ORBIT :-

A Geo synchronous orbit is the orbit which matches the earth's orbital period and Geo stationary orbit is also referred to as geosynchronous equatorial orbit. GEO could also have same advantages and disadvantages which  are in LEO other than the orbital period and better research on a particular part on earth. So there may not be major differences in LEO & GEO.

• LUNAR ORBIT :-

Lunar orbit is also known as selenocentric orbit. The main advantages of being in lunar orbit is to get lunar resources easily and the disadvantages are the limited exposure to sun and the unstable lunar orbit .

• LIBERATION POINTS

The libration points which are also known as lagrange points were first discovered by mathematician Joseph Louis Lagrange in the year 1772 and in 1906 the first example was discovered when the Trojan asteroid were discovered orbiting L4 and L5. There are 5 lagrange points in which first 3 are unstable, so by comparing all the lagrange points L4 or L5 are the only option to locate space settlement .

Advantage's in being L4 and L5 are :-

9. Unlimited access to solar energy .

10. Easy access to moon resources.

11. Possibility to establish a lunar base.

12. Stability in L4 and L5

One disadvantage in being L4 and L5 are junk object's and sun's influence on maintaining an equilibrium.

• Conclusion :-

In order to achieve our comforts for space settlement I conclude that being in Leo needs much energy and it also may be dangerous in being in a crowded orbit. And there are not many differences between GEO SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT AND LEO , so

locating in the GEO will also be not a good idea. Lunar orbit is not going to fulfill all our needs, by locating settlement in lunar orbit would not be accessible to constant solar energy.

So, the best option will be locating it in Lagrange points (L4 & L5) , permanent accessibility to sun, medium distance and stability.

5. LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS

1. LIFE GASES

However oxygen is one of the most important element ,and because of oxygen only human civilization is still alive in the universe . The space colony would be air tight to hold a breathable atmosphere . Many plants will be planted all over the space colony for a pleasant environment . By the photosynthesis process itself the plant can give us oxygen , by taking sunlight and carbon dioxide (which released by the humans and industries in space colony).

Artificial leafs would be used in some parts of space colony like, inside the offices. The first man made biological leaf is created by the “Royal college of Art graduate Julian melchiouri “. The leaf works same as how the real leaf does,and leaf consists of chloroplasts.

2. WATER :-
   • Water management :-

As per the American water workers association researchers foundation we use :-

16.8% of water for shower 26.7% of water for toilet 13.7% for leaks

15.7% of water in faucets

21.7% of water for clothes washing

Water is very precious so as much as possible water will be saved.

13. We need to save water so we will make some changes in the above list .
14. Much water is used in process of washing clothes, so in order to save water “waterless" washing machine will be used. They could save up-to 70% - 90% of water and it uses very little amount of water. And this type of washing machines are developed by a company called XEROS.
15. By using dry bath gel, we could save maximum amount of water which is being wasted by shower. And it's absolutely harmless.
16. By start making the use of waterless toilets, which uses electric fans instead of water can also save large amount of water.

By following the above points , there will be no issue for the water scarcity for years in the space colony.

Much water need to be collected for the usage of people & industries . So, from where would be obtain water? & we can't depend on earth for water because earth itself is facing with extreme water scarcity . So, by using 2 ways we are going to generate water.

• • WATERGEN MACHINES

we could generate water using WATERGEN's machines by only using the air. A company called WATERGEN developed a new technology that could eventually turn air into water. It uses batteries instead of electricity and it generates water using a simple process.

WATERGEN's GEN L machine creates up-to 5000 litres per day.

WATERGEN'S GEN M produces up-to 800 litres per day.

• • URINE RECYCLATION

Averagely a person pours 2 litres of urine a day, we could fullfill our daily needs just by recycling the urine. Some of the Belgium scientists developed a solar powdered machine that could turn urine into fresh water. After collecting all the urine from the space colony, the urine will be transferred through pipes to the solar powered filtering machines. And again the filtered water will be available through faucets.

We would have enough water for many years.

If example a person uses 5 litres of water per day so 50,000 litres of water is needed and by combining all the additional uses let's think 70,000 litres of water is used per day, so 14 Water gen’s L machines are enough and the additional water could be stored for the future. Water would be stored in the big tanks.

And the used water will be recycled properly and reused .

3. FOOD : AGRICULTURE :-
   • Aeroponics :-

Advantages:-

1. Requires little space for obtaining higher level of crops.
2. Only minimum Maintainence is needed
3. It gives massive amount of plant growth.
4. Few resources are only neede

Disadvantages :-

• Constant monitoring is required
• It's expensive
• Aeroponic system may be noisy in an enclosed environment.
• Regular disinfection of root chambers should be done.
• Technical knowledge is required.
• HYDROPONICS

1. Compared to hydroponics, aeroponics uses less water and chemicals should also be used in hydroponics .

c . FOGPONICS

Advantages

1. The plants will grow faster
2. Less nutrients are required
3. Not much space is needed
4. Setting up a fogponics system is cheap

DISADVANTAGES

1. 1. if any part in the system fails the plants will be suffered fast.
   2. High maintenance is required
   3. Roots in Fogponics develop very thinner and weaker than aeroponics.

1. Polymer film farming

(source :-https://youtu.be/eu5EwxMwHyc)(https://www.farmersweekly.co.za/app/uploads/2017/05/Dr-Yuichi-Mori-drop-farm.jpg)

Dr.    Yuchi     mori              holding the polymer film containing Plants

When, coming to the Polymer film farming, the sheet is bio degradable and the setup is also cheap and the process of polymer film farming is absolutely very simple, I mean no experience is needed.

So by comparing all types of farmings listed above, polymer film farming and aeroponics would be the right option. So, most of the farming is done by using aeroponics and also polymer film farming .

Process of polymer film farming :-

FOOD DISTRIBUTION :-Yuichi nuri, a proffesor of waseda university came up with the idea of polymer film farming , which could be grown in any environment. Hydromembrane is the film which is used in this agricultural technique. A wide range of crops can be cultivated through this new technique. There will be countless nano holes which are helpful to supply the nutrients and minerals to plant from water, bacteria and viruses cannot penetrate through that films, so the food we take would be absolutely healthy.

Food will be stored in special containers in which food will be remained safe and hygienic. An average human consumes 3 to 5 pounds per day ,so the food consumed by the whole space colony will be from 5,475 tons to 9,125 tons. Aeroponics gives us 15 times more productivity than plants which grow normally on land, and 318,000 m (5000 acres) of land is used for agriculture, vertical farming can reduce the area but using vertical farming we can't produce a variety of crops, so this much of large area is used for agriculture because to produce many crops including cotton (for textile industry ). By using Aeroponics and polymer film farming we could save time, money and area. Food Will be packed and then distributed to shops , then people need to buy from there.

3. Animal husbandry :-

Very limited amount of animals will be allowed to space colony. Animal's will only be used for domestic purpose’s and for the sake of pets. Only 3000 animal's will be allowed .

4. ARTIFICIAL GRAVITY

For leading an healthy life Gravity is pretty much important . There are many techniques to create pseudo gravity but Rotation (creating artificial gravity by the rotation of space colony) is known as one of the best choice’s. In rotation everything inside the space colony is forced towards outside by centrifugal force. So, by this process gravity is created .

This below equations equations will be used to create certain type of gravitation :-

F = m. a

F = v²/r (v² divided by r)

[Divided by “m" in both the sides] a = v²/r Therefore v = √a. r

v = √9.8 x 500 Therefore √4900

v = 70 m/s . So, one complete rotation will take 44.672 which means 0.74 RPM.

6. REPRODUCTION

1. SEXUAL ESTABLISHMENT: ADOPTING TO THE SPACE COLONY :-

Human body can adopt a variety of habitable environments easily and adopting to the space colony's environment would not be much hard and most of the sub standard biological changes may not happen(which happens when we can't adopt to a certain environment) because it has the same as that on earth, so people would not face any difficulties to adopt the space colony's environment and to sustain their for generations.

2. MAINTAINING       MENTAL       HEALTH               AND PHYSICAL HEALTH :-

It is also very important to take care of our health both mentally and physically . So a park will be built, and plants are placed everywhere in the Space colony for a pleasant environment and the relaxation of people and to get rid of stress, so the mental health will be stable . A good diet and a good exercise makes the physical health much more better. Perfect houses are built for the better comfort for the people and Food will be conserved very hygienically to help people to maintain a good diet. Obviously clean oxygen, water and a pleasant environment are maintained . With the help of plants air will be pure and water will be used only after taking all the safety measures after recylation and purification.. people will have their rights to give speech and more interaction with friends reduces the psychological stress.

3. METABOLISM IN MICROGRAVITY

Most of the travelling will occur in zero gravity as transportation from earth to space colony. Exposure to weightlessness may cause many health issues physicologically and physically. Some of the major long term effects are Muscle atrophy and osteoporosis are caused by being in weightlessness through a certain type of exercise followed regularly the problem may be minimized. and also maintaining a good nutrition(micronutrients) will help to reduce the sickness caused by weightlessness.

4. BIOLOGICAL CHANGES AND FUTURE BEHAVIOR:

However, biological changes occur in the process of adoloscence . Human’s won't undergo any biological changes in space colony but being in zero gravity may occur some biological changes. There will also be not much change in the future behavior but the people in space colony may be little bit advanced than the people on earth . So,the future behavior will be technologically evolving .

7. ELECTRICITY

• SOLAR ENERGY

Solar energy will be the major source of electricity in the Space colony. Solar energy is very efficient and could fullfill almost our every needs. As, usually solar panels are used.

IF EXAMPLE :-

If we classify the needs as 100 MWH is used for industrial purpose & 100 MWH is used in residential area and an additional of 200 MWH is used in the whole space colony then we need a total of 400 MWH. On earth solar radiation reaches 1366 wh/m² in upper atmosphere, by passing through through the atmosphere 6% of the solar radiation is reflected and 16% is absorbed, Approximately distance from the sun to earth and sun to L5 are equal and in absence of the atmosphere will maintain a solar radiation at a level of 1366 wh/m² and this will be the quantity of solar radiation

which reaches the solar panels and the best solar panels can transform up-to 30% to 35% therefore we will get 455 wh/m².

 And additional solar panels also be arranged for the sake of charging batteries. And the batteries will be used for some parts of space colony and also when sunlight is unavailable at a period, then batteries will be used.

• • Only solar energy is being used in space colony because ,we have enough electricity production by solar panels. So, if we have efficient amount of electricity then why trying any other methods. And in case of any emergency or any failure occurs for the main electrical system , enough amount of electricity is produced by the charged batteries.

1. WITHIN THE SPACE COLONY

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Hyperloop's are used in the space colony for transportation , why only hyperloops because, it access less area, there will be no worry about pollution and traffic and it is fast.

2 hyperloop tunnels will be constructed through out the torus.

(a pic of hyperloop)

A problem with the hyperloop is if any emergency occurs inside the tunnel, then the tunnel need to be cutted off. And a hyperloop uses electric propulsion and magnetic levitation and could reach up-to 760 miles per hour.

2. OUTSIDE THE SPACE COLONY
   1. Rockets

Rockets launch cost & transporting cost’s are very high. Even though with rockets we can't transport our very high amounts of cargo, much propellant need to be used. So, we can't depend on rockets any more.

1. 2. Space elevators

Constructing a space elevator is cheap and the transportation between Space colony and earth would be easy. But constricting a space elevator would be dangerous and it's a daydream. We can't build a space elevator using current technology.

1. 3. Space tugs

Space tugs can't be used for the main purpose of transport because they are too small for that but it is used in emergency purposes.

1. 4. Sky hooks

(https://miro.medium.com/max/1225/1*51_bw6sLVVR8FjOsC-2hkg.png) ( source :- https://youtu.be/dqwpQarrDwk)

Sky hooks are a bit different from space elevators, they are shorter and would not have contact with the earth's surface. Skyhooks need a sub orbital launch vechile. And it is already tested and proved.

2. A counter weight holds a long cable .
   • when the payload comes into orbit then the skyhook holds it and releases with a massive boost.

17. It has a navigation drone that connects the payload properly to the skyhook.
18. We could transport passengers and cargo easily and efficiently .

19. After released by the skyhook the payload reaches near the space colony then by the help of another skyhook the payload enters the space colony.
20. 5. CONCLUSION

So, by comparing all the above transportation technique’s , using of skyhook will be the best option because Rockets cost more and space elevators are science fiction and however space tugs are used in emergency situations.

1. RESIDENCE

• • • HOUSING

Permanent inhabitants population will be 50,000 and visitor's population can be till 1000. So, extreme comfort will be provided for the betterment of the inhabitants.

Each house will be 50m. For individual houses, means only 1 stair will be there and at the top of the stair a clone of this house will be there. And apartments will also be constructed with the same interior design like this. Families will be staying in individually builted houses and the remaining will reside in apartments.

SURFACE AREA = 4 x π^2 x R x r

(surface area pic) 4 x 3.14^2 x R x r

4 x 9.8596 x 500 x 75

39. 4384 x 37,500

Surface area of space colony = 1,478,940 m (m = mitres)

The surface area of each circle present in the torus will be 200 m.

5000 individual houses & 5 apartments (in each apartment 100 members can reside with all the facilities) & a hotel (500 visitors can reside luxuriously for the visitors will be built.

Each house occupies 50 m so 15,000 houses occupy a surface area of 75,000m and 1 house will be built at the top of the each house, so the surface area occupied by the houses will be 37,500m .And each apartment would be occupying 300 m so 1000 apartments occupy 30,000 ,and an apartment would having 10 floors, 2 portions per floor, and the hotel will be occupying 750m (the hotel is occupying more area because it will have some more luxurious features). The total surface occupied by the residential area is 67,500m. And a park of 500 m will be constructed for the relaxation of inhabitants

Classification of areas of inner circles :-

• • • • first two torus’es will be used for satellite manufacturing . Because it need to be kept secret and launching will be easy from inner torus'es .
      • The next two torus'es will be used for the garbage recyclation process and in the last torus the useful material obtained from garbage will be stored.

1. Medical facilities

Every medical facility will be available at the space colony. Multi speciality hospitals will be built, which contains good medical staff and medical equipment . First aid kits will be distributed to almost every house and medical awareness among the people will be builded up by conducting awareness programme’s , so they could prevent the health problems.

2. Emergency procedures
   • Fire :

Extreme attention will be maintained towards fire safety even after if any fire accident takes place Than traditional way that is fire extinguisher will be used .

1. So, to reduce the risk of short circuits , every part of the space colony will be have their own connections rather than connecting all together .
2. As I mentioned before, space tugs will be used in emergency purposes or in very dangerous situations .

• • Meteorits :-

Universe exposes us to various resources and also many threats. what happens when we are hit by an meteorit ?. So Meteorits will be a major threat for the space colony. To  avoid this danger specific engines that could speed up the space colony will be used. With that engines we could move the space colony farther from meteorits . And if the meteorite is small and could caught by sky hooks, Then it would be easy. Skyhooks boost up them and then releases.

3. Education

Students will have many open sources . Mostly students will experience virtual learning, why only virtual learning because it will help students to learn almost everything easily, and as per Issac Asimov virtual learning will be the future , but weekly camp's will be conducted, it will enhance student's to interact with teachers directly and their school mates, so they will have some fun very often.

Nowadays mobiles and desktops are pretty common, so student's could also pick their own interests. The modern educational system will be followed as how it is on earth . Sport's will also be conducted at weekly camp's. The same system will be followed for colleges and universities. Students will have monthly exams and main exam exam will be conducted every year.

• • Employment :-

After graduation, possible number of job's will be open for the graduates from the various fields . Every activity in the society is run by people from various fields of study. From engineer’s to plumber's every job is important to make space colony a self sustaining space settlement. So, there will be no partialities of people selection for the space colony.

4. PERSONAL GOOD'S :-

Every one will have the right to acquire the necessities and their personal goods. As, space colony contains super markets, malls and every type of shop, that could fullfill our needs.

5. ENVIRONMENT

To create a pleasent environment in the the space settlement as many as possible plants will be planted.

• • Climate and temperature

We didn't have seasons like how it is on earth . An average temperature of 18 to 26 degree's will be maintained at the habitat region. To maintain an optimal temperature the surroundings will be heated or cooled artificially. In other regions the climate and temperature will be based on the activities , which are happening in the respective region.

6. GARBAGE & RECYCLATION

As much as possible garbage will be tried to recycled . If it can't be recycled then it will burned , if it still can't be burned completely then the garbage will be compressed, even if it can't be compressed then the garbage will be taken into a special sector where it undergoes in very extreme conditions that everything could be melted . All over the space colony will be maintained very clean, and the garbage will be collected every day.

7. TECHNOLOGY

I mean that the same developing technology on earth will only be used nor we don't have our own sci-fi (science fictions) technique's like using iron man's suit and travelling in sci-fi space ships with

A.I robotic girlfriends. Only current technology will be implemented and however all the gadjets on earth are also available on space colony.

8. COMMUNICATION

This concept doesn't need an extra explanation, as it is necessary and we are doing it with our smart gadgets very very often . An extra communication satellite will be placed near the space colony & through the ground station's on space colony ,everyone will have access to internet & communication.

9. RADIATION

There are many dangerous risks due to space radiation , so there are some possibilities to avoid this.

Polythene can be used because polythene has high hydrogen , and could avoid space radiation, and recent studies have shown that multilayered graphene can be used as space shield’s .And currently NASA is working on the medical treatments to be cured when affected by space radiation.

10. GOVERNANCE

Every citizen of STHULA has the right to elect their government and a government respects every citizen in every aspect, as a common man will have the right express his speech towards the development. And the maintenance of the space colony by a certain government will show the result in the development of the space colony. Every thing will be followed systematically by the government, no powers will be misused . And if the government is perfect enough, then it may lead the whole inhabitants towards development and many space settlements like STHULA may be builted and maintained.

Judicial department (which will maintain every law strictly) is necessary to make sure that the government and the inhabitants are doing well. And the government itself controls every aspect of the space colony , and the economic system of space colony will be maintained by the tax collected from the inhabitants and tourists. So, the government at STHULA is democratic.

11. INDUSTRIES

Industries plays a major role in the development of the human civilization . Establishing various types of industries will help us to make space colony more self sustaining , so we don't need any dependence from earth . Maximum work will be done by machinery, so the need of human labours will be decreased. Establishing industries would also help in the process of employment of inhabitants in various sectors and it will also provide us many essential items in space colony itself.

Pollution from the industries will not be any big problem because they are placed far from habitat region in another closed torus.

Industries include in every aspect, and the below mentioned industries will be established in the Space colony.

(These are mentioned for a better idea of the industrial system over space colony)

1. Tech industry :- for all the modern gadjets.
2. Electrical Industry :- production of solar energy from sun.
3. Construction Industry :- For the construction process.
4. Transportation industry :- To look after all the aspects of transportation both inside the space colony and outside the space colony.
5. Health care & pharmaceutical industry :- For the hospital's

5. Telecommunication company :- To look after the communication and internet on space colony
6. Textile Industry :- For the sake of clothes
7. Food industry & restaurants :- so, if the people don't want to cook, they could get food.
8. Manufacturing industry :- To look after the manufacturing of daily basic needs.

I'n some situations in future, uses of some there may be usage of new type of industries.

1. Estimating Time & cost

As per the information given by national space society ,a space colony costs 100 billion, so no exact cost can be mentioned because the material costs may vary in the past, present and future and by estimating the STHULA space colony may cost up-to

150 billion (including all the expenses) as nearly same as other space colonies, and construction time may take 15 years to 30 years.

 Thank you.